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          LV02-01-交叉编译工具链
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看使用工具及版本 </summary>
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              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">PC端开发环境</td>        <td align="center" width=150px>Windows</td>        <td align="left">Windows11</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Ubuntu</td>        <td align="left">Ubuntu20.04.6的64位版本（一开始使用的是16.04版本，后来进行了升级）</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">VMware® Workstation 17 Pro</td>        <td align="left">17.0.0 build-20800274</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">终端软件</td>        <td align="left">MobaXterm(Professional Edition v23.0 Build 5042 (license))</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">Win32DiskImager</td>        <td align="left">Win32DiskImager v1.0</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="3">Linux开发板环境</td>        <td align="center">Linux开发板</td>        <td align="left">正点原子 i.MX6ULL Linux 阿尔法开发板</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">uboot</td>        <td align="left">NXP官方提供的uboot，NXP提供的版本为uboot-imx-rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga(使用的uboot版本为U-Boot 2016.03)</td>      </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center">linux内核</td>        <td align="left">linux-4.15(NXP官方提供)</td>      </tr></table>
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<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看本文参考资料 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="5">官方网站</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.arm.com/" target="_blank">https://www.arm.com/</a></td>        <td align="left">ARM官方网站，在这里我们可以找到Cotex-Mx以及ARMVx的一些文档</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxp.com.cn/ </a></td>        <td align="left">NXP官方网站</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxpic.org.cn/" target="_blank">https://www.nxpic.org.cn/</a></td><td align="left">NXP 官方社区</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/" target="_blank">https://u-boot.readthedocs.io/en/latest/</a></td><td align="left">u-boot官网</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.kernel.org/" target="_blank">https://www.kernel.org/</a></td><td align="left">linux内核官网</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<details class="folding-tag" blue><summary> 点击查看相关文件下载 </summary>
              <div class='content'>
              <table>    <tr>        <td align="center">分类</td>        <td align="center">网址</td>        <td align="center">说明</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="4">NXP</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx" target="_blank">https://github.com/nxp-imx</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP imx开发资源GitHub组织，里边会有u-boot和linux内核的仓库</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source" target="_blank">https://elixir.bootlin.com/linux/latest/source</a></td>        <td align="left">在线阅读linux kernel源码</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/linux-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP linux内核仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://github.com/nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga" target="_blank">nxp-imx/uboot-imx/releases/tag/rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</a></td>        <td align="left">NXP u-boot仓库tags中的rel_imx_4.1.15_2.1.0_ga</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="center" rowspan="2">I.MX6ULL</td>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/docs/en/data-sheet/IMX6ULLIEC.pdf" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications Processors for Industrial Products</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 芯片手册（datasheet，可以在线查看）</td>    </tr>    <tr>        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.nxp.com.cn/webapp/Download?colCode=IMX6ULLRM&lang_cd=zh" target="_blank">i.MX 6ULL Applications ProcessorReference Manual</a></td>        <td align="left">I.MX6ULL 参考手册（下载后才能查看，需要登录NXP官网）</td>    </tr></table>
              </div>
            </details>

<h1 id="一、交叉编译工具简介"><a href="#一、交叉编译工具简介" class="headerlink" title="一、交叉编译工具简介"></a><font size=3>一、交叉编译工具简介</font></h1><p>什么是交叉编译器？<code>Ubuntu</code>中安装使用的 <code>GCC</code>编译器是针对 <code>X86</code>架构的。而我们现在要编译的是 <code>ARM</code>架构的代码，所 以我们需要一个在 <code>X86</code>架构的 <code>PC</code>上运行，可以编译 <code>ARM</code>架构代码的 <code>GCC</code>编译器，这个编译器就叫做交叉编译器。</p>
<p>在这里，我使用的是开发板配套教程中<code>Linaro</code>出品的交叉编译器，而作为初学者的我，还是先跟教程走吧，哈哈。所以我使用的就是<code>4.9</code>版本的编译器啦。相关网址如下：</p>
<table>
    <tr>
        <td align="center" width=200>linaro官网</td>
        <td align="left"><a href="https://www.linaro.org/" target="_blank">https://www.linaro.org/  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>  
    </tr>
    <tr>
        <td align="center" width=200>4.9版本交叉编译器</td>
        <td align="left"><a href="https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/4.9-2017.01/arm-linux-gnueabihf/" target="_blank">gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz  <i class="fa fa-external-link-alt"></i> </a></td>  
    </tr>
</table>

<h1 id="二、安装ARM交叉编译工具链"><a href="#二、安装ARM交叉编译工具链" class="headerlink" title="二、安装ARM交叉编译工具链"></a><font size=3>二、安装ARM交叉编译工具链</font></h1><h2 id="1-下载软件包"><a href="#1-下载软件包" class="headerlink" title="1. 下载软件包"></a><font size=3>1. 下载软件包</font></h2><p>可以在下边的地址中下载<code>4.9.4</code>版本的交叉编译工具软件包，当然自己也可以使用更高版本啦，我是为了跟教程一致，才用的老版本，以后会玩了，可能就换新了：</p>
<figure class="highlight html"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">https://releases.linaro.org/components/toolchain/binaries/4.9-2017.01/arm-linux-gnueabihf/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV02-%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/LV02-01-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE/img/image-20220512190533043.png" alt="image-20220512190533043" style="zoom:33%;" />

<p>下载完毕后，拷贝到自己<code>Ubuntu</code>的一个目录中：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cp 2Sharedfiles/3Software/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz ~/1Software/</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>然后进入目录，并解压：</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">cd ~/1Software/</span><br><span class="line">tar -xvf gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf.tar.xz</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<h2 id="2-安装交叉编译器"><a href="#2-安装交叉编译器" class="headerlink" title="2. 安装交叉编译器"></a><font size=3>2. 安装交叉编译器</font></h2><ul>
<li>（1）新建存放交叉编译工具的文件夹</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo mkdir /usr/local/arm</span><br><span class="line">sudo cp -r ~/1Software/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf /usr/local/arm</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（2）添加环境变量</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">1.打开相应文件</span></span><br><span class="line">sudo vim /etc/profile</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">2.文件结尾添加以下内容</span></span><br><span class="line">export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/arm/gcc-linaro-4.9.4-2017.01-x86_64_arm-linux-gnueabihf/bin</span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="meta prompt_"># </span><span class="language-bash">3.重启设备，使环境变量生效(最好重启下吧)</span></span><br><span class="line">reboot</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<ul>
<li>（3）安装相关的库（虽然写笔记的时候还不知道有啥用）</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">sudo apt-get install lsb-core lib32stdc++6</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>这个库安装的时间还是有点久的。</p>
<ul>
<li>（4）验证是否成功安装交叉编译工具</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -v</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>若成功，则会显示交叉编译工具的版本，如下图所示：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV02-%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/LV02-01-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE/img/image-20220512191620321.png" alt="image-20220512191620321" style="zoom:50%;" />

<h1 id="三、安装-Poky-交叉编译工具链"><a href="#三、安装-Poky-交叉编译工具链" class="headerlink" title="三、安装 Poky 交叉编译工具链  "></a><font size=3>三、安装 Poky 交叉编译工具链  </font></h1><p>这里要再安装一个 Poky 交叉编译工具链。这个主要是在后面编译freetype的时候出现报错了，发现用这个编译倒是没有问题。在这里补充一下安装方式吧。这个好像</p>
<h2 id="1-下载安装脚本"><a href="#1-下载安装脚本" class="headerlink" title="1. 下载安装脚本"></a><font size=3>1. 下载安装脚本</font></h2><p>目前还没找到这个安装脚本应该从哪里下载，就先用正点原子官方的提供的资料里面的吧，路径是【正点原子】阿尔法Linux开发板（A盘）-基础资料\05、开发工具\01、交叉编译器：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV02-%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/LV02-01-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE/img/image-20241015072020385.png" alt="image-20241015072020385" />



<h2 id="2-安装交叉编译器-1"><a href="#2-安装交叉编译器-1" class="headerlink" title="2. 安装交叉编译器"></a><font size=3>2. 安装交叉编译器</font></h2><p>执行下面的指令修改脚本的权限， 修改权限后可以看到此脚本颜色显示改变，说明修改成功。  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">chmod 777 fsl-imx-x11-glibc-x86_64-meta-toolchain-qt5-cortexa7hf-neon-toolchain-4.1.15-2.1.0.sh</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>直接执行脚本安装交叉编译工具，连续敲下两次回车键确认，再输入用户密码即可。本次安装的目录为脚本所指定的默认安装的目录，后面的内核编译环境的交叉编译都是按这个安装目录去操作，所以建议用户也是默认安装到&#x2F;opt&#x2F;fsl-imx-x11&#x2F;4.1.15-2.1.0 这个默认目录。 </p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV02-%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/LV02-01-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE/img/image-20241015001933698.png" alt="image-20241015001933698" style="zoom:48%;" />

<p>使用方法也十分简单，根据上面打印出来的提示，直接使能环境变量就可以了。但是在不同终端或者切换用户时需要重新使能环境变量方可使用。  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">source /opt/fsl-imx-x11/4.1.15-2.1.0/environment-setup-cortexa7hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>使能环境变量后可以使用 env 指令查看生效的环境变量，下图为部分截图，可以看出使能了这个环境变量后 gcc 已经配置好编译时所用的参数，如硬浮点参数-mfpu&#x3D;neon -mfloat-abi&#x3D;hard。使用硬浮点交叉编译，可以使用 CPU 自带 FPU。 下图为环境变量部分截图。  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">env</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV02-%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/LV02-01-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE/img/image-20241015002104266.png" alt="image-20241015002104266" style="zoom: 75%;" />

<p>使用 arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v 指令可以查看 gcc 版本，表明环境变量已经生效。  </p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc -v</span><br><span class="line">arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc --version # 这个更简洁一些</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV02-%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/LV02-01-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE/img/image-20241015002237204.png" alt="image-20241015002237204" style="zoom:77%;" />

<h2 id="3-增加了哪些环境变量？"><a href="#3-增加了哪些环境变量？" class="headerlink" title="3. 增加了哪些环境变量？"></a><font size=3>3. 增加了哪些环境变量？</font></h2><p>我们可以source前后打印一下env看一下，大概就是这一些差异：</p>
<img data-src="https://fanhua-picture.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/01%E5%B5%8C%E5%85%A5%E5%BC%8F%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91/02IMX6ULL%E5%B9%B3%E5%8F%B0/LV02-%E5%BC%80%E5%8F%91%E7%8E%AF%E5%A2%83/LV02-01-%E4%BA%A4%E5%8F%89%E7%BC%96%E8%AF%91%E5%B7%A5%E5%85%B7%E9%93%BE/img/image-20241015072900530.png" alt="image-20241015072900530" />

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    <p><span>文章标题:</span><a href="/post/f1aead6d.html">LV02-01-交叉编译工具链</a></p>
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            Date.UTC() -- 返回date对象距世界标准时间(UTC)1970年1月1日午夜之间的毫秒数(时间戳)
            year        - 作为date对象的年份，为4位年份值
            month       - 0-11之间的整数，做为date对象的月份
            day         - 1-31之间的整数，做为date对象的天数
            hours       - 0(午夜24点)-23之间的整数，做为date对象的小时数
            minutes     - 0-59之间的整数，做为date对象的分钟数
            seconds     - 0-59之间的整数，做为date对象的秒数
            microseconds - 0-999之间的整数，做为date对象的毫秒数
            ==================================================*/
            var t1 = Date.UTC(2017, 
                              5, 
                              19, 
                              0, 
                              0, 
                              0); //北京时间
            var t2 = Date.UTC(todayYear,todayMonth,todayDate,todayHour,todayMinute,todaySecond);
            var diff = t2-t1;
            var diffYears = Math.floor(diff/years);
            var diffDays = Math.floor((diff/days)-diffYears*365);
            var diffHours = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days)/hours);
            var diffMinutes = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days-diffHours*hours)/minutes);
            var diffSeconds = Math.floor((diff-(diffYears*365+diffDays)*days-diffHours*hours-diffMinutes*minutes)/seconds);
            document.getElementById("sitetime").innerHTML="已在这里 "+diffYears+" 年 "+diffDays+" 天 "+diffHours+" 小时 "+diffMinutes+" 分钟 "+diffSeconds+" 秒";
        }
        siteTime();
    </script>



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